PDCD1 and melanoma: For example, a clinical trial reported five-year outcomes indicating that the combination of nivolumab (anti-PD-1) and ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) in patients with advanced melanoma resulted in sustained long-term progression-free and overall survival rates of 52% compared to 44% in the nivolumab group and 26% in the ipilimumab group [177].