TGFB1 and neoplasm: Various signaling molecules released by both tumor and stromal cells can alter the immune response, encourage angiogenesis, and sustain tumor growth, including pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).