Lane et al. and others have shown that inhibition of PDGF-Rα/β in vitro induces outgrowth of neurite-like processes in GBM cell lines and GSC, suggesting differentiation into neural-like cells, while reducing proliferation and invasion by upregulating the phosphatase dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) and downregulating phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [150]. Here, PDGFRA is linked to glioblastoma.