Treatment with immune stimulation is hypothesized may reprogram DN T cells into cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (green circle) and help shift the CA-TLS to a High CD8 Density Tertiary Lymphoid Structure, HD-TLS, in the TIME where for example, check point inhibitors (anti-PD-1) might help exacerbate cancer immune attack by CTLs (right side panel specimen HD-TLS, GC: Germinal Center). Here, PDCD1 is linked to cancer.