CXCR4 and breast cancer: In conclusion, 68Ga-Pentixafor had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 100% for detecting primary breast cancer; in addition, 68Ga-Pentixafor exhibited significantly higher uptake in patients with higher tumor grade, high proliferative index and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as well as HIV-infected breast cancer patients, highlighting the potential clinical utility and prognostic role of CXCR4-targeted PET imaging in aggressive breast cancer.