TGFβ imprinting in activated immune cells from MIS-C remained significantly enriched compared with non-inflammatory and inflammatory influenza infection controls (T cells Hallmark TGFβ signalling positive enrichment: 6 wpi no MIS-C, 66.7%; influenza, 80.3%; MIS-C, 96.1%, P = 2.7 × 10−4; MIS-C versus 6 wpi no MIS-C; for enrichment, P = 2.0 × 10−4; and for height of NES, P = 4.7 × 10−4 for MIS-C versus influenza) (Extended Data Fig. 6a,c–e). Here, TGFB1 is linked to influenza.