PDK1 and heart disorder: Although proteomics studies of diseased hearts found no changes in PDK1 protein abundance (25, 26, 27, 28), a recent phosphoproteomics study of diabetic and ischemic cardiomyopathic patients revealed decreased phosphorylation of the PDK1-specific serine 232 site on PDH (29), further implicating PDK1 in cardiac disease.