By identifying three uEV biomarkers (mucin-1 (MUC-1), coiled-coil domain containing 25 (CCDC25), and solute carrier family 2 member 1 (GLUT1)), Pt@CP-based immunoassays are able to detect bladder cancer with high clinical specificity and sensitivity [79]. Here, MUC1 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.