In endometriosis women, E2 reaches both eutopic and ectopic endometrium through circulation but is predominantly synthetized locally due to elevated expression of key steroidogenic enzymes: aromatase (CYP19A1, the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR, mediates cholesterol transport to the inner mitochondrial membrane). The gene discussed is CYP19A1; the disease is endometriosis.