Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are inflammatory cytokines closely related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, in which TNF-α can stimulate synovial cells to produce PGE2 and enhance osteochondral destruction while also activating the NF-κB pathway to stimulate various cytokine productions. Here, TNF is linked to osteoarthritis.