The elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (NF-kB, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFR2, TNF-α) in patients with chronic heart failure in general (without FD) and animal models further support our hypothesis that these inflammatory markers could be utilized for screening of cardiac involvement in asymptomatic patients with FD [15,16,17,18]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Fabry disease.