BDNF and Cognitive impairment: Additionally, the iron chelator cloxacillin can bind to excess free iron, reduce brain iron levels, increase the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at Ser40 in the substantia nigra, reverse motor and cognitive deficits, and increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hippocampus of Tau knockout mice (Lei et al., 2015).