TWIST1 and Alzheimer disease: Notably, we found that CSO-EPVS (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.09–4.60) showed a stronger correlation with AD than BG-EPVS (HR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01–2.06), indicating that the risk of AD may vary depending on the location of EPVS.