We observed Atg5, Atg7, LC3, and Beclin 1 to be attenuated in the NAFLD model but increased in the NAFLD/exercise group (Ghareghani et al., 2018[41]; Tan et al., 2018[145]; Wang et al., 2017[154], 2019[155]). Here, BECN1 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.