TLR4 and neoplasm: Consequently, in HCC tumor cells from mice, the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway was inhibited, and the expression of inflammatory factors (e.g., interleukin 16 (IL-16)) and migration factors (e.g., matrix metalloproteinase-2) was reduced.