According to research by Teresa Iantomas et al., in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, elevated peripheral blood monocyte levels spontaneously differentiate into osteoclasts and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, which further stimulate osteoclast differentiation and activity, leading to an increase in osteoclast numbers and enhanced bone resorption (16, 17). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is osteoporosis.