It has been demonstrated that the level of E2F1 and E2F3 expression were related to the clinical outcomes of multiple tumors, such as lung cancer (Ren et al., 2017), pediatric retinoblastoma (Chen et al., 2022), breast cancer (Han et al., 2020), hepatocellular carcinoma (Han et al., 2019). Here, E2F1 is linked to lung cancer.