IGF1 and cancer: On the one hand, soy proteins (predominantly genistein) reduced β-catenin signaling (via the participation of altered IGF-1 and E-cadherin production) leading to a decreased T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) activity and resulting prostate cancer cell growth, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, intestinal tumorigenesis, and proliferation in cancer cells (Liss et al., 2010; Mahmoud et al., 2014; Mercer et al., 2017).