Additionally, in the MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7 breast cancer cell lines that were co‐cultured with F. nucleatum, key proteins involved in the MAPK signalling pathway, including c‐Myc, phospho‐JNK1, p38 MAPK, and phospho‐p38 MAPK, were markedly elevated, thereby confirming the results of the spatial multi‐omics analysis (Figure 7G). The gene discussed is MYC; the disease is breast cancer.