SPP1 and colorectal carcinoma: Recent studies employing scRNA-seq and ST-seq have elucidated their roles in promoting tumorigenesis, with a notable example where the FAP+ CAFs (the activated CAFs expressing fibroblast activation protein, which promote the tumor progression) in CRC cooperated with SPP1+ macrophages to remodel the extracellular matrix, thereby impeding T cell infiltration [39].