HSPB3 and prostate carcinoma: In prostate cancer, HSP70 can bind to AR, a nuclear transcription factor, and regulate AR activity (Fig. 5), which activates the AR signaling pathway and promotes the growth of prostate cancer cells.320 In addition, HSP60 and HSP27 have been reported to be promising biomarkers for prostate cancer screening to evaluate and monitor disease progression or recurrence.321