RPSAP52 and breast cancer: While previous studies have primarily focused on the relationships between coding genes and breast cancer prognosis,25–27 the research value of pseudogenes has gained increasing recognition in recent years.28 For example, studies have confirmed that pseudogenes such as ABCC6P1, TPTEP1and RPSAP52, play significant roles in breast cancer.29–31 Further validation through ROC curve analysis demonstrated the robust prognostic predictive capability of MGAT4EP, with an AUC of 0.672, highlighting its strong performance in predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS.