MAPK8 and Parkinson disease: MAPKs, including p38, ERK, and JNK, are a group of highly conserved serine/threonine protein kinases in eukaryotes, orchestrating various intracellular activities such as inflammation and innate immunity.[43, 44] P2RX7 has been linked to MAPK pathways in an intranigral lipopolysaccharide rat model of Parkinson's disease[45] and in septic mice,[46] but according to bioinformatic analysis and validation through in vitro experiments, we are the first to find the interaction between P2RX7 and MAPK signaling in macrophage polarization.