TRAF3IP3 and viral infectious disease: To our best knowledge, TRAF3IP3 was initially identified as a TRAF3 interacting protein, and it was proved to be indispensable in the maturation and stability of regulatory T cells through ERK signaling[5] and mTORC1signaling,[33] and the impact of TRAF3IP3 also differs upon virus infection.[41] Therefore, TRAF3IP3 seems to serve various roles, which vary according to the cell type.