CCL2 and sclerosing cholangitis: Lilly Kristin Kunzmann et al illustrated that, for primary sclerosing cholangitis patients, microbe-activated monocytes induced the secretion of Th17 and monocyte-recruiting chemokines chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-20 and CCL-2 in human primary cholangiocytes.[40] And there is no recognized role of CCL25 and IL-5 in the pathophysiology of gallstone disease.