Unlike bispecific Abs, such as DuoBody-PD-L1×4-1BB (GDN1046) (62) and the human×PD-L1 bispecific Ab (MCLA-145), which rely on PD-L1 expression for tumor targeting (63), TRACER’s NP-based delivery system allows for tumor targeting independent of the expression of specific tumor proteins, potentially broadening its applicability across various tumor types. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.