Moreover, our study relied solely on scRNA-seq as well as bulk RNA data, other scRNA-seq data of ESCC such as GSE196756 issued in 2023, along with additional studies, especially multiomics, spatial transcriptomics, and spatial metabolomics analyses, which are needed to study how SSR4 therapeutically affects ESCC. The gene discussed is SSR4; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.