This suggests that Tan IIA inhibits the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad1/Smad3 signaling pathway and activates the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway, thereby reducing pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress and slowing pulmonary fibrosis and lung injury. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.