Additionally, Polyphyllin VII enhances the degradation of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), a crucial regulator of iron metabolism, leading to the release of Fe2+ and lipid peroxidation-mediated ferroptosis in GC cells (Xiang et al., 2023)。Akebia saponin PA, a natural triterpenoid saponin isolated from Dipsacus asperoides, induces autophagy in various GC cell lines characterized by elevated levels of LC3-II but selectively triggers apoptosis marked by cleaved caspase-3 specifically in AGS cells. Here, FTH1 is linked to gastric cancer.