This encompasses an exploration of whether YAP activation is Hippo pathway dependent or independent in inflammatory diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF) and pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), viral infection in airway, cardiovascular inflammatory diseases, liver inflammatory diseases, colitis, nerve damage and cerebral hemorrhage, kidney injury, osteoarthritis, and diabetes. The gene discussed is YAP1; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.