LEP and Obesity: It did not include other existing risk factors of CVD/CAD-like dietary factors, occupational stress, smoking, physical activity, surrogate sensitive lipid markers of CAD like apolipoprotein B100/apolipoprotein A-I ratio, and other obesity-related inflammatory adipokines like serum leptin, resistin, TNF. This study included 400 participants in four phenotype groups of 100 each.