Finally, COBLL1 is known to have stronger effects on fasting glucose and obesity in women compared to men [24], and consistent with this, 2:164,699,029:A:G (COBLL1) had a larger effect in women (β = − 0.048, SE = 0.003, p = 3.71 × 10−73) compared to men (β = − 0.019, SE = 0.003, p = 9.83 × 10−14) for predicted PDFF with significant heterogeneity (p = 2.17 × 10−15). The gene discussed is COBLL1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.