KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: While Black South Africans present with significantly elevated median and range of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (median 244 ng/mL versus 9.4), as previously presented18,23, still the study was biased towards over-representation of NCCN guidelines for PSA-inclusive high-risk PCa for the European (70.2%; 40/57) over African patients (65/113; 57.5%).