CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: A study [35] revealed that anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) plus anti-PD-1 mAbs appeared to be more effective than anti-PD-L1 mAb therapy in a clinical trial involving NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab and the anti-CTLA4 mAb ipilimumab as part of a dual immune checkpoint blockade [35]. Researchers are actively exploring novel combination therapies based on PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, aiming to improve patient outcomes and increase survival rates.