CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Multiple clinical studies have demonstrated that the efficiency of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies is only 3% to 7% in NSCLC patients with EGFR or ALK mutations [32], which is notably lower than that of targeted therapy. However, certain mutations, such as those at the p53 locus [33]and kras mutations [34], have been shown to increase the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. Through the investigation of tumor immune mechanisms, novel immunotherapeutic approaches have been developed.