Lastly, albumin levels were lower in both males and females with anemia compared to those without anemia (males: 39.8 ±  6.2 vs. 42.6 ±  7.9 kg/m2; females: 40.4 ±  6.8 vs. 42.0 ±  7.1 kg/m2, p <  0.05) (Fig 2O). Here, ALB is linked to anemia (phenotype).