IL18 and gestational diabetes: Gestational diabetes (GD) is a multifactorial disease involving hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory factors, among which cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) play key roles in immune regulation and tissue repair during pregnancy and postpartum.