B: Benefits; R: Risks; GLP-1 RA: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist; T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; HR: Hazard ratio; MH-OR: Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio; TGF-B1: Transforming growth factor beta-1; ESRD: End-stage renal disease; HPA axis: Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Here, TGFB1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.