STAT3 and glioblastoma: Studies have shown that IL-6 released from GAM keeps the blood-brain barrier in glioblastoma patients highly permeable by activating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) pathway in endothelial cells and down-regulating the levels of intercellular junction proteins, which is responsible for the formation of vasogenic brain oedema (Couto et al., 2019).