MAPK8 and glioblastoma: The ROS-c-JunN-terminalkinase 1 (JNK1) and AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are the main molecular mechanisms involved in glioblastoma cell survival, proliferation, motility, and differentiation, and the activation and activity of this signaling pathway is regulated by intracellular Ca2+ signaling (Mohamed et al., 2022; Park et al., 2008).