CD19 and neoplasm: After co-incubation of the sonication-induced CAR-expressing Jurkat cells with target tumor cells expressing CD19 antigen for 24 h, the surface marker CD69, which reflects t-cell activation, was significantly upregulated in the Jurkat cells, indicating that sonication-induced CAR is produced in Jurkat T cells and mediates binding to target tumor cell antigens, thereby exerting a tumor cell killing effect (Pan et al., 2018).