A key immune checkpoint molecule involved in GBM immunity escape is PD‐L1, expressed on GBM tumor cells, microglia, and TAM, binds to PD‐1 to downregulate the T‐cell mediated immune response, thereby suppressing the proliferation and function of cytotoxic T cells and promotes T‐reg activity.181, 182. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.