Collectively, these data indicate that, during infection, ETS-1 accumulates in the nucleus in the presence of the M51R mutant M protein but not in the presence of wild-type VSV M. Moreover, our transfection experiments suggest VSV M can prevent ETS-1 nuclear accumulation in the absence of other VSV proteins, indicating it encodes an additional mechanism of antagonizing the FEAR pathway- blocking ETS-1 nuclear import. The gene discussed is ETS1; the disease is infection.