CSF2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instance, the oncolytic influenza virus delNS1‐ granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), when combined with PD‐1 blockade therapy, has been shown to effectively target and eliminate HCC cells without impacting normal hepatocytes by activating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells through the JAK2–STAT3 pathway [584].