Additionally, CR induces autophagy to alleviate Aβ and tau pathologies and enhances cognitive function in AD models.496 CR also protects the survival of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, dopamine metabolism and neurotrophic factors in the striatum of PD animals.497 Similarly, abnormal eating behaviours, such as increased appetite and increased intake of sugar and carbohydrates, are universal in FTLD patients and correlate with atrophy in discrete neural networks,498,499 suggesting that dietary restriction may exert a positive effect. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.