NOX-A12 binds to and neutralizes CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL12), disrupting the CXCL12 gradient established by bone marrow stromal cells and ultimately sensitizing CLL cells to cytotoxic drugs.616 The FDA granted NOX-A12 the orphan drug designation for use in combination with radiation therapy for patients with glioblastoma in 2014. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and glioblastoma.