TNFSF9 and central nervous system cancer: Similarly, in gliomas, it has been found that hypoxia-mediated accumulation of lactate is taken up by macrophages, and then regulates tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9 (TNFSF9) expression through MCT-1/H3K18La signaling, inducing M2 macrophage polarization, thereby promoting malignant progression [68].