Our results demonstrated that blocking IL-19 indeed promoted T cell activation, as evidenced by violin plots showing higher Cd69 expression in the CD4+ T cell cluster (C1_CD4T_1) and the CD8+CD4+ T cell cluster (C6_CD8+CD4+ T) in TMZ-sensitive GBM-bearing mice treated with the IL-19 antibody compared to those treated with the isotype control antibody (Fig. 5B). Here, CD4 is linked to glioblastoma.