A study examining tumorigenesis in several murine models of CRC (AOM/DSS model, AOM/Villin-Cre;Trp53fl/fl and APCMin/+ model) reported distinct tumour-promoting and tumour-suppressive functions of IL-36γ (encoded by Il1f9) and IL-36RA (encoded by Il1f5), respectively [86]. This evidence concerns the gene IL36RN and infectious otitis media.