They are cemiplimab, which is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, and pembrolizumab and cosibelimab, which are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.53, 54, 55, 56 The findings of the current study suggest that the C5a-C5aR1 axis could potentially serve as a therapeutic target in cSCC in combination with programmed cell death protein 1 antibody treatment. This evidence concerns the gene C5AR1 and skin squamous cell carcinoma.