Considering the known capability of peptide 5a to block αvβ6 and/or αvβ8, i.e. two integrins capable of activating TGFβ-dependent immunosuppressive mechanisms, one possibility is that 5a-HSA has unleashed an anti-tumor immune response by interfering with this immunosuppressive mechanism and by reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.