For instance, CAFs in colon cancer release cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, which enhances cancer cell proliferation and metastasis via activation of the RLIM/PML axis, thus supporting the tumor’s invasive properties (Chen et al. 2024a, b, c; Sánchez-Ramírez et al. 2024). Here, RLIM is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.