GPNMB and breast cancer: This crosstalk is critical in the lipid-poor microenvironment of glioblastoma.541 In breast cancer, LSECtin on TAMs enhances the stemness of breast cancer cells by interacting with its receptor BTN3A3.542 TAMs also release the soluble glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB), which binds to the CD44 receptor on tumor cells, activating the expression of IL-33 and its receptor IL-1R1L, ultimately enhancing the stemness of the tumor cells.543 TAMs release exosomes containing lncMMPA, which interacts with miR-548s to increase mRNA levels of ALDH1A3, promoting tumor cell glucose metabolism and proliferation.