M2d macrophages, first identified in the ascites of ovarian cancer patients, are polarized by IL-6 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), with additional activation by adenosine receptor agonists and TLR agonists.86,123–125 They exhibit a typical M2 cytokine profile with high IL-10 and low IL-12, expressing markers like CD14, CD163, and TGF-β while showing low levels of CD86. Here, LIF is linked to ovarian cancer.