TNFAIP3 and Insulin resistance: Mechanistically, the lack of GPSM1 primarily promotes the transcription of TNFAIP3 via the Gαi3/cAMP/PKA/CREB axis, thus inhibiting TLR4-induced NF-κB activation in macrophages.910 CITED2 can limit inflammatory responses and metabolic diseases by inhibiting STAT5 activation and promoting BCL6 expression, while macrophage CITED2 promotes obesity and insulin resistance.911 Silencing macrophage TXNIP improves hyperuricemia-induced insulin resistance through the IRS2/AKT and NRF2/HO-1 pathways.