M2b macrophages, primarily activated by TLR agonists, immune complexes (ICs), and IL-1β, are known for their dual role in immune regulation and tumor progression.86,116 Unlike other M2 subsets, M2b macrophages produce high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, while suppressing pro-inflammatory IL-12, facilitating a shift from Th1 to Th2 responses. Here, IL1B is linked to neoplasm.