KCNN4 and multiple sclerosis: This channel promotes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β and the activation of caspase-1 during inflammatory responses.428 KCa3.1, an intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel, reduces plaque instability in advanced atherosclerosis by limiting macrophage polarization toward the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype.429 Inhibiting KCa3.1 may also offer therapeutic potential in macrophage-related disorders such as asthma,430 multiple sclerosis,431 and stroke,432 where controlling inflammation is critical.