However, GM-CSF also plays a more pronounced role in autoimmune diseases.GM-CSF inhibitors (e.g., mavrilimumab) are being explored in clinical trials for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and COVID-19-induced cytokine storms.1022–1024 Until now, other GM-CSF inhibitors, like Gimsilumab (KIN-1901) and Namilumab (MT203) have not shown significant suppression of key inflammatory pathways and therapeutic effects compared to placebo.1025–1027. Here, CSF2 is linked to autoimmune disease.