On the other hand, a small but discernible macrophage with high CD163 expression was found to impede the responses to T cell-based immunotherapy, which could be a potential therapeutic target.1007 The CD163hi M2 macrophages highly express several tumor-promoting macrophage markers and have a functional anti-inflammatory transcriptome profile, but the Csf-1r expression is low. This evidence concerns the gene CD163 and neoplasm.